Objective
Upon completion of this lesson, the student will be able to identify and apply all Federal Aviation Regulations concerning private pilot helicopter qualifications. The student will demonstrate knowledge of certification requirements, recent flight experience, recordkeeping, privileges and limitations, medical certificate requirements, required documents, and BasicMed provisions per FAA-S-ACS-15 PH.I.A.K1-K5. The student will assess risk factors related to proficiency versus currency and unfamiliar equipment per FAA-S-ACS-15 PH.I.A.R1-R2. The student will correctly apply pilot-in-command requirements for VFR helicopter operations in evaluator-provided scenarios per FAA-S-ACS-15 PH.I.A.S1.
Content
Certification Requirements and Recent Flight Experience (14 CFR 61.56, 61.57)
Private Pilot Certificate Requirements A private pilot certificate for helicopters requires completion of training per 14 CFR 61.109(c), passing written and practical examinations, and demonstration of aeronautical knowledge and skill. The certificate has no expiration date, but currency requirements must be maintained to exercise privileges.
Flight Review Requirements (14 CFR 61.56) Every 24 calendar months, pilots must complete a flight review consisting of:
- Minimum 1 hour ground training on general operating and flight rules of 14 CFR Part 91
- Minimum 1 hour flight training reviewing maneuvers and procedures at the discretion of the CFI
- Endorsement from an authorized instructor
Recent Flight Experience (14 CFR 61.57) To carry passengers, pilots must have accomplished within the preceding 90 days:
- 3 takeoffs and 3 landings as sole manipulator of controls in the same category and class of aircraft
- For night passenger carrying: 3 takeoffs and landings to a full stop during night hours (1 hour after sunset to 1 hour before sunrise)
Think of currency like a driver’s license - just having it doesn’t mean you’re sharp. You need recent practice to be safe.
Recordkeeping Requirements (14 CFR 61.51) Pilots must maintain accurate logbook records including:
- Date, aircraft make/model, aircraft identification, departure/arrival airports
- Type of piloting time (PIC, SIC, solo, dual received)
- Conditions of flight (day, night, actual/simulated instrument)
- Landings (day/night, full stop)
- Flight review and proficiency check endorsements
Privileges and Limitations (14 CFR 61.113)
Private Pilot Privileges
- Act as PIC of aircraft for which rated
- Carry passengers and property
- Share operating expenses with passengers (fuel, oil, airport fees, rental fees)
- Demonstrate aircraft to prospective buyers (if owner of 1/8 or more)
- Act as PIC for charitable, nonprofit, or community events with specific conditions
Private Pilot Limitations
- No compensation for pilot services (with limited exceptions)
- Cannot act as PIC of aircraft carrying passengers or property for compensation or hire
- Cannot act as PIC in furtherance of business unless flight is incidental to business and aircraft doesn’t carry passengers or property for compensation
Medical Certificate Requirements (14 CFR 61.23, 61.53)
Class Requirements Private pilots require at least a Third-Class medical certificate or BasicMed authorization.
Third-Class Medical Privileges and Duration
- Under age 40: Valid for 60 calendar months
- Age 40 and over: Valid for 24 calendar months
- Valid for private pilot privileges only
Medical Certificate Limitations Must not act as PIC when:
- Knowing of any medical deficiency that would make the person unable to operate safely
- Taking medication or receiving treatment that affects safe operation
- Medical certificate is suspended, revoked, or expired
Temporary Disqualifications Pilots are temporarily disqualified from flying when taking certain medications, experiencing specific medical conditions, or undergoing treatments that could impair judgment, memory, alertness, coordination, vision, or hearing.
Required Documents (14 CFR 61.3, 61.56, 61.57)
Documents Required for Flight
- Pilot certificate (permanent or temporary)
- Medical certificate or BasicMed authorization
- Government-issued photo identification
- Current flight review endorsement (within 24 months)
- Recent flight experience currency (if carrying passengers)
Remember the acronym “ARROW” for aircraft documents, but for pilot documents think “PMI-CR”: Pilot certificate, Medical/BasicMed, ID, Currency, Recent flight experience.
BasicMed Privileges and Limitations (14 CFR 68)
BasicMed Requirements
- Hold valid driver’s license
- Complete medical education course every 24 months
- Undergo comprehensive medical examination every 48 months
- Have held medical certificate issued after July 14, 2006
BasicMed Privileges
- Fly aircraft with maximum certificated takeoff weight ≤6,000 pounds
- Carry maximum 5 passengers
- Fly at maximum altitude of 18,000 feet MSL
- Fly at maximum speed of 250 knots
BasicMed Limitations
- Cannot operate for compensation or hire
- Cannot operate outside United States unless authorized by foreign country
- Cannot operate turbine-powered aircraft
Risk Management Considerations
Proficiency versus Currency (PH.I.A.R1) Currency means legal minimums are met; proficiency means actual skill level for safe flight. A pilot can be current but not proficient. Consider:
- Time since last flight in helicopter type
- Complexity of planned flight versus recent experience
- Weather conditions compared to recent flying
- Personal minimums that exceed regulatory requirements
Like a concert pianist, you might remember how to play, but without practice, your performance suffers.
Unfamiliar Helicopter Operations (PH.I.A.R2) Operating unfamiliar helicopters or avionics systems increases risk through:
- Different control feel and response characteristics
- Varying emergency procedures
- Different power requirements and limitations
- Unfamiliar avionics interfaces and procedures
- Different weight and balance characteristics
Mitigation strategies include thorough preflight training, conservative operating margins, and gradual exposure to new systems.
Schedule
| Time | Content |
|---|---|
| 0:00-0:10 | Introduction and Objective Review |
| 0:10-0:25 | Certification Requirements and Recent Flight Experience |
| 0:25-0:40 | Privileges and Limitations |
| 0:40-0:55 | Medical Certificate Requirements |
| 0:55-1:05 | Required Documents |
| 1:05-1:15 | BasicMed Provisions |
| 1:15-1:25 | Risk Management Discussion |
| 1:25-1:35 | Scenario-based Application Practice |
| 1:35-1:45 | Questions and Review |
Equipment
- FAR/AIM current edition
- 14 CFR Parts 61, 68, 91
- FAA-S-ACS-15 Private Pilot Helicopter ACS
- Student logbook and certificates
- BasicMed forms and requirements summary
- Scenario cards for practical application
- Whiteboard or flip chart
- Calculator
Instructor Actions
- Begin lesson by reviewing objective and explaining importance of understanding pilot qualifications for safe, legal helicopter operations
- Present certification requirements using 14 CFR 61 references, emphasizing no-expiration nature of certificate but currency requirements
- Demonstrate flight review requirements calculation using calendar month examples
- Explain recent flight experience using 90-day passenger currency requirements with specific helicopter examples
- Review proper logbook entries using student’s actual logbook as reference
- Present private pilot privileges with emphasis on cost-sharing limitations and business use restrictions
- Explain medical certificate classes and duration using age-based examples
- Discuss temporary disqualification scenarios using common medication and medical condition examples
- Review required documents using memory aids and practical examples
- Present BasicMed requirements, comparing privileges and limitations to standard medical certificate
- Facilitate discussion on proficiency versus currency using helicopter-specific scenarios
- Present unfamiliar helicopter risks using different helicopter types as examples
- Conduct scenario-based exercises requiring student to determine PIC qualification status
- Provide corrective feedback on any misunderstandings or incomplete responses
- Summarize key regulatory requirements and emphasize personal responsibility for compliance
Student Actions
- Take notes on certification requirements and currency calculations
- Practice calculating flight review and passenger currency dates using personal logbook
- Identify required logbook entries for various flight scenarios
- Distinguish between legal privileges and limitations for private pilots
- Determine medical certificate validity periods for different pilot ages
- List all required documents for legal helicopter PIC operations
- Compare BasicMed versus standard medical certificate requirements
- Analyze proficiency factors beyond minimum currency requirements
- Assess risk factors when transitioning to unfamiliar helicopter equipment
- Apply PIC qualification requirements to instructor-provided scenarios
- Ask questions to clarify regulatory interpretation and application
- Demonstrate understanding through oral responses to scenario questions
Completion Standards
The lesson is complete when the student demonstrates mastery of FAA-S-ACS-15 PH.I.A standards by:
Knowledge Standards (PH.I.A.K1-K5):
- Correctly calculates flight review due dates within 24-month periods
- Accurately determines passenger currency requirements for 90-day periods
- Identifies all required logbook entries per 14 CFR 61.51
- States private pilot privileges and limitations per 14 CFR 61.113 without error
- Determines medical certificate validity periods for different age groups
- Lists all four required documents for PIC operations
- Explains BasicMed requirements, privileges, and limitations accurately
Risk Management Standards (PH.I.A.R1-R2):
- Articulates difference between legal currency and operational proficiency
- Identifies minimum three risk factors when operating unfamiliar helicopter equipment
- Proposes appropriate risk mitigation strategies for currency and equipment familiarity
Skill Standards (PH.I.A.S1):
- Correctly applies PIC qualification requirements to 100% of instructor-provided VFR scenarios
- Identifies any disqualifying factors preventing legal PIC operations
- References appropriate regulations when justifying qualification determinations